Exodus from Europe

        Today is the birthday of my grandson, George, whom I still call by his childhood name, Orgi.  [pronounced with a hard 'g' please.]  He and his wife, Leonie ("Lonchen"), whom you've already met, have two children, Daniel and Benjamin.  For this occasion, I have looked again at letters that I sent to him and Leonie in July of 1937, the same year as the letter to Lonchen posted earlier (24 January blog), and I'm posting some of them here.
       That was a very full year for my family.  Since 1933, George and Leonie had lived in Madrid, where he was on the faculty of the new university and where their sons had been born in 1934 and 1936.  With the Spanish civil war threatening Madrid later in 1936, they left in August for the beach resort of Alicante, where they and myriad other refugees stayed for a few months seeking ways out of Spain and into safe next destinations.  Finally, through the kindness of the British consul in Alicante, they moved to an off-shore British destroyer, where Benjamin's diapers dried on deck among other refugees' clothing.  Then, after a few days, they transferred via a launch from a German (!) cruiser to another British destroyer, the HMS Greyhound, which took them to Marseilles.  The train trip from there to Paris was the only routine part of the whole venture.  
       Curt, my son-in-law and George's father, had already been in Paris since 1933, when Nazi decrees in Germany forced Jews out of their university positions.  While his family remained in Berlin, he took a position at the Musee d'Ethnographie du Trocadero (now Musee de l'Homme).  George, Leonie, and their children moved into Curt's room on the top floor of a cheap hotel in the Rue St. Roch, where they stayed for months while they, and Curt, sought a safe country for emigration and the visas to get there. Other family and even some friends stayed in that hotel room with them for brief periods.  Daniel usually slept in the bathtub, but sometimes George or a visitor slept there, where they were more or less sheltered from the cries of one-year-old Benjamin, who slept in a dresser drawer.  The family also ate some meals and washed dishes in this room, and of course washed diapers as well.
       George even took a weeks-long trip to New York in order to solicit family support, get the necessary paperwork, and look into options for work and for neighborhoods in which to live after arrival.  And in the event that New York proved impossible, he made a side trip to Havana to investigate Cuba as an alternative destination.
       George returned to Paris with the good news that there were indeed some job prospects in New York and that my nephew, Frank Wolff (I was a Wolff until I married Louis Lewin), would supply the necessary affidavit assuring that George's family would not be a financial burden on the government, even if no job were immediately available.  After several more weeks and countless hours standing in lines with other refugees seeking visas, all the documents were in hand.
       There is much more of this story to be told, but I'll only add now that with the necessary papers in hand, the family had a reunion at the North Sea beach resort of Scheveningen, Holland.  When I joined them there after sending some of the letters below, there were four generations gathered.  It was mostly a joyful occasion, though tempered by uncertainty about the future.  War already seemed inevitable, and we knew that some of us might not see each other again.  Had we known more exactly what would befall our family and the world in the next few years....


Clara


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First page of 13 July letter, handwritten:
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12230734/Clara-Georg_Leonie%201937-07-13a.jpg
German transcription of letters, 13 July to 21 July:
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12230734/Clara-Georg_Leonie%201937-07-13%20tran.doc
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12230734/Clara-Georg%201937-07-19.doc
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12230734/Clara-Georg_Leonie%201937-07-20.doc
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12230734/Clara-Georg%201937-07-21.doc
Google Translate for letters, 13 July to 21 July:
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12230734/Clara-Georg_Leonie%201937-07-13_21%20Google.doc
Note:  The useful footnotes in the transcriptions were kindly supplied by the transcribers.